Title: Bilingual Challenges in Early Childhood Education: Issues, Causes, and Interventions for Pre-Primary and Primary Students in Bangladesh

Abstract

Abstract:
Bilingual education is increasingly common in Bangladesh, where children are exposed to both Bangla (native language) and English (second language) from early schooling. While bilingualism enhances cognitive development and global competence, pre-primary and primary learners often face significant challenges, including language confusion, reduced fluency, and socio-emotional stress. This study explores the linguistic, cognitive, and socio-cultural issues faced by young bilingual learners, identifies underlying causes, and proposes pedagogical interventions. Findings indicate that inadequate teacher training, curriculum misalignment, societal pressure for English proficiency, and limited learning resources contribute to language anxiety and hinder communicative competence. Evidence-based strategies such as scaffolded bilingual instruction, play-based learning, teacher professional development, and parental engagement are recommended. Implementing these interventions can foster balanced bilingual development, enhance learning outcomes, and support early childhood language confidence in the Bangladeshi context.