LOW-COST HOUSING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES IN INDIA

Abstract

A building is a composite assembly of interdependent structural and non-structural elements, each performing a specific function while collectively ensuring the safety, comfort, and durability of the whole structure. This paper presents a systematic review of the principal components of a building, classified broadly into the substructure and the superstructure, and examines the basic technical requirements that each component must satisfy. The foundation, plinth, walls, floors, doors and windows, roof, staircase, and finishing works are discussed individually, followed by a consolidated discussion of the general performance requirements common to all building components, namely strength and stability, durability, fire safety, resistance to dampness, thermal comfort, sound insulation, aesthetics, economy, and sustainability. The paper concludes that although each component is designed and constructed independently, the overall performance of a building depends on the coordinated interaction of all its parts, and that adherence to established codes of practice is essential for achieving a safe and serviceable structure.