ASSESSMENT OF SEISMIC PERFORMANCE IN UNREINFORCED MASONRY BUILDINGS

Abstract

Unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings are highly vulnerable to seismic forces due to their brittle behavior, poor tensile strength, and lack of ductility. This study assesses the seismic performance of URM structures by analyzing critical factors contributing to failure, including soft stories, floating columns, mass irregularities, substandard construction materials, workmanship deficiencies, and inadequate foundation design. Using a combination of structural analysis, observational data, and numerical simulations, the study evaluates the response of URM buildings under different seismic load conditions. The findings reveal significant risks associated with conventional URM construction, highlighting areas prone to collapse and structural distress. Recommendations for retrofitting, strengthening techniques, and improved design practices are discussed to enhance the seismic resilience of URM buildings. This research provides insights for engineers, policymakers, and urban planners in mitigating earthquake-related risks in existing and new masonry structures.