"A Review on Methods for Analysis and Evaluation of Soil Physico-Chemical Properties"

Abstract

Soil is a fundamental component of terrestrial ecosystems and plays a crucial role in supporting plant growth, regulating water flow, and maintaining environmental stability (Brady & Weil, 2016). The evaluation of soil physico-chemical properties is essential for understanding soil quality, fertility, and ecological sustainability (Hillel, 2004). Soil analysis includes the determination of physical parameters such as soil texture, bulk density, particle density, porosity, and water holding capacity, as well as chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, and nutrient availability (Piper, 2002). Various analytical methods have been developed to measure these properties accurately in laboratory and field conditions (Sparks, 1996). This review paper discusses major analytical techniques used for determining soil physico-chemical properties and highlights their importance in soil evaluation and environmental studies.